CEll Cycle

1. Mitosis- nuclear division mechanism by which cytoplasm splits into two daughter cells
2. Meiosis- nuclear division mechanism by which DNA of the parent cell are packaged and sort out into new nuclei for new daughter cells
3. Somatic cells- multicelled organisms which grows by mitosis and cytoplasmic division of body cells
4. Germ cells-Also called Sex cells; There are cell lineage se aside for gamete formation aand sexual reproduction
5. Chromosome- DNA molecule with its attached protein and when a cell prepare for mitosis , these threadlike structures are replicated
6. Sister chromatids-consists of 2 DNA molecule which will stay together until late in mitosis when they remain unattached
7. Centromere- the region wheremicrotubules are attached that moved the chromosome during nuclear divisions
8. Chromosome number- refers to the sum total of chromosomes in cells of a given organisms
9. Diploid-refers to thechromosome number, if cels has 2 of each type of chromosome characteristics of each species, represented as 2n
10. Haploid-means the cell that have only one of each type of chromosome species;represented as n
11. Interpahse-the longest of the cell cycle which are composed of G1,S and G2 pahses
12. Cell cycle- this begins at interphase, when a new cell is formed by mitosis and cytopkasmic division, increases its mass, roughly doubles the number of its cytoplasmic components then duplicate its chromosomes and ends when thecell divides.
13. Telophase- the pahse of mitosis where chromosomes and new membrane patches fuse to form new nuclear envelope around them.
14. Metaphse- the phase of mitosis where chromosomes line up in the metaphase [late, and chromosomes in this pahse are in their mostly tightly condensed form
15. Anaphase-sister chromatid’s attachment to each other a t this phaser are now sseperate chromosomes that move to opposite poles
16. Prophase- the DNA and its associated proteins States to condense at this time and is the forst step of mitosis
17. Knetochore- double shaped structure at the surface of the centromere that serves as docking site for spindle microtubules
18. Cell plate formation-cytoplasmic divisions of plants since their cells are walled, meaning their cytoplasm cannot be pinched into 2.
19. Cleavege furrow-thwe counterpart of cytoplasmic division of p[lant;by which a shallow, ringlike depression forms at the cell surface, above the cell’s mid-section.